Platelets are blood cells responsible for proper blood clotting. Interleukin-11 (IL-11) stimulates production of platelets and is used to reverse thrombocytopenia (low platelet counts) in cancer patients receiving chemotherapy. BBT-059, a long-acting site-specific PEGylated IL-11 analog, stimulates platelet formation for up to a week following a single injection, whereas IL-11 requires multiple, daily injections to achieve similar effects. BBT-059 also prevents ischemia-reperfusion injury and is an effective treatment for acute radiation syndrome in animals.